The engine head, also known as the cylinder head or breech, is a crucial component of a car engine. Located in the upper part of the engine, it closes, in the upper part, the cylinders in which combustion and the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy take place. This component is essential for the operation of the engine, as it performs several essential functions.
Structure and Materials
The engine head is typically made of aluminum alloy or cast iron. Aluminum heads are lighter and provide better heat exchange, while cast iron heads are heavier but have greater strength and durability. The choice of material depends on the type of engine and the specific performance and durability requirements.
Main Functions
1. Cylinder Head Cover : The engine head covers the top of the cylinders, forming the combustion chamber where the air-fuel mixture takes place and combustion occurs.
2. Component Holder : Provides housing for spark plugs in gasoline engines or injectors in diesel engines, as well as channels for engine oil and coolant.
3. Coolant Circulation : Contains the passages through which coolant flows to absorb heat and keep the engine at an optimum operating temperature.
4. Air and Fuel Distribution : The cylinder head houses the intake and exhaust valves, which open and close to allow the air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinders and the exhaust gases to be expelled.
Importance in Engine Operation
The engine cylinder head plays a critical role in managing engine temperature, combustion efficiency, and emissions control. A damaged cylinder head can lead to serious problems, such as engine overheating, loss of power, increased fuel consumption, and in extreme cases, engine failure.
Common Problems
Head gaskets (or cylinder head gaskets) are subject to wear and can fail, causing coolant or oil leaks, and sometimes allowing these fluids to mix. Other problems include warping or cracking of the head, often due to overheating.
The engine head is therefore a key component that contributes to the efficiency, power and longevity of the engine. Keeping the head and the engine cooling system in good condition is essential to ensure the proper functioning of the vehicle and prevent costly breakdowns.
What is a machine head?
